Geological monitoring involves the continuous observation and measurement of various geological parameters and phenomena in order to better understand and predict natural processes such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, and subsidence. This research area utilizes a variety of techniques such as seismic monitoring, GPS tracking, satellite imaging, and ground-based surveys to collect data on geological events and changes in the Earth's surface. By analyzing this data, scientists can improve their understanding of geological processes and hazards, leading to more effective risk assessment and mitigation strategies. Ultimately, geological monitoring plays a critical role in protecting communities and infrastructure from natural disasters.